10^th International Virology Summit July 02-04, 2018 Vienna, Austria

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection and AIDS.HIV diagnosis is done by testing your blood or saliva for antibodies to the virus. HIV/AIDS clinical trials are research studies done to have a better approach, distinguish, or treat HIV/AIDS. Clinical trials are the predominant way to determine if new medical approaches to HIV/AIDS are safe and effective in people.

The epidemiology of plant virus diseases concerns the cyclical development of virus diseases within plant populations in time and space. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. In the viral life cycle, viral entry is the emergent stage of infection, as the virus invades with the host cell and intrudes viral material into the cell.

Viral oncology is a subdivision of oncology,in these it is concerned with treatment of  human cancers /tumors with virus particles. Approximately 20% of all cancers worldwide results from chronic infections, in specific, up to 15% of human cancers is characterized by a viral aetiology with higher incidence in Developing Countries.Certainly, the infectious nature of specific tumors has important implications in their prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In the 21st Century, the research on viral oncology field continues to be dynamic, with new significant and original studies on viral oncogenesis and as a translational research from virology for the treatment of cancer

The study of animal viruses is important and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. Many viruses which affect the animals are also important from a human medical perspective. The emergence of the SARS virus in the human population, coming from an animal source, highlights the importance of animals in harboring infectious agents; avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. Alpha viruses are a small group , enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. They are generally transmitted by arthropod vectors (usually mosquitoes). Out of thirty known species, eight are important human pathogens (e.g. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) whilst one, salmonid alpha virus, is of economic importance to the farmed fish industry.  Because of their small size alpha viruses have historically been utilised as model systems for the analysis of viral pathogenesis. 

Viral evolution is a sub-discipline of evolutionary biology and virology that is judiciously concerned with the evolution of viruses. Many infections, in specific RNA infections, have short interims and conservatively high change rates (on the request of one mark transformation or more per genome per sequence of replication for RNA viruses). Virus Genomes are prominently small and they are prodigiously contradistinctive and are liable to a diligent genetic change.

Veterinary virology deals with the study of viruses in animals. Prion disease represents a group of conditions that affect the nervous system in humans and animals.  Pestivirus infect only mammals, including members of the family Bovidae (cattle, sheep and goats) and the family Suidae (species of swine). The arterivirus is a myriad of infections. These are acutely species specific, yet share innumerable organic & sub-atomic characteristics, like for instance virion morphology, arrangement of basic proteins, Viral genome associations & viral replication system, also the capacity to set up various delayed or genuine determined contamination in hosts. 

Viruses are evolved to infect all life forms, with similar genomes during replication. Inside a cell, all viruses mustuncoat, replicate, and transcribe their genomes, and their genomes are packed into viral progeny that are released from cells. RNA viruses in specific must bring together the plus and minus strand synthesis  and during replication and transcription though protecting their genomes from cellular nucleases.

Vaccines have been among the most effective health approach for protecting the individual against viral disease, with two of worlds successful vaccine being against small pox and poliovirus. Viral vaccines  is a combination of inactivated viruses and activated viruses. Inactivated or killed viral vaccines contain viruses, they do not have ability to replicate and to bring about a response it contains an antigen. Activated or livevaccines contain the live form of the virus. Currently, Virus like particles organizes a new vaccine concept. Such particles consist of self-assembled structural proteins from the virus which can elicit an immune response but as they lack the genetic material from the virus are safer vaccines, research going on the rational development of a triple-layered virus like particle vaccine against rotavirus using the baculovirus insect cell system as production platform.

Earlier, it is outside the main stream of the clinical laboratory medicine. In recent years, it is presently integrated into routine medical practice. It is mainly due to HIV and AIDS epidemic and the success of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation has greatly increased the pool of patients at risk for serious opportunistic viral infections.Vector-borne diseases are the infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species like mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, blackflies, etc. A blood-borne disease  is spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. RNA silencing controls gene expression to regulate the development, genome stability and also anxiety incited reactions. In plants, RNA silencing is recognized as a major immune system targeted against plant viruses.

Current research in virology includes the investigation of mechanism of HIV replication and pathogenesis .Diseases such as  Alzheimer's disease and HIV-1-associated dementia. Other research involves chronic and latent infections caused by viruses such as Epstein-Barr and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus and herpes simplex and the retrovirus. Scientists  are also studying viral host interactions along with the mechanism of viral induced cellular transformation.Drug-drug interactions happen when a drug interacts, or meddles, with another drug. change the way either of the drug demonstration in the body, or cause sudden reactions. The drug included can be doctor prescribed solutions, over-the-counter meds and even vitamins and normal items.

Pure Microbiology provides a broad platform of a large plethora of research and plenty of new insights into different areas of Microbiology. Different branches of Microbiology include mycology, Virology, Immunology, infectious diseases , bacteriology, nematology, parasitology, etc., The antibiotics are the agents used against pathogenic bacteria, either orally or paternally