11^th International Virology Summit

Veterinary virology deals with the study of viruses in animals. Prion disease represents a group of conditions that affect the nervous system in humans and animals.  Pestivirus infect only mammals, including members of the family Bovidae (cattle, sheep and goats) and the family Suidae (species of swine). The arterivirus is a myriad of infections. These are acutely species specific, yet share innumerable organic & sub-atomic characteristics, like for instance virion morphology, arrangement of basic proteins, Viral genome associations & viral replication system, also the capacity to set up various delayed or genuine determined contamination in hosts. 

Viruses are evolved to infect all life forms, with similar genomes during replication. Inside a cell, all viruses mustuncoat, replicate, and transcribe their genomes, and their genomes are packed into viral progeny that are released from cells. RNA viruses in specific must bring together the plus and minus strand synthesis  and during replication and transcription though protecting their genomes from cellular nucleases.

Viral oncology is a subdivision of oncology,in these it is concerned with treatment of  human cancers /tumors with virus particles. Approximately 20% of all cancers worldwide results from chronic infections, in specific, up to 15% of human cancers is characterized by a viral aetiology with higher incidence in Developing Countries.Certainly, the infectious nature of specific tumors has important implications in their prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In the 21st Century, the research on viral oncology field continues to be dynamic, with new significant and original studies on viral oncogenesis and as a translational research from virology for the treatment of cancer

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection and AIDS.HIV diagnosis is done by testing your blood or saliva for antibodies to the virus. HIV/AIDS clinical trials are research studies done to have a better approach, distinguish, or treat HIV/AIDS. Clinical trials are the predominant way to determine if new medical approaches to HIV/AIDS are safe and effective in people.

The epidemiology of plant virus diseases concerns the cyclical development of virus diseases within plant populations in time and space. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. In the viral life cycle, viral entry is the emergent stage of infection, as the virus invades with the host cell and intrudes viral material into the cell.

A virus is an infectious, parasitic agent which will solely replicate within different host cells. All viruses have a genome and a capsid. Virology has emerged even more clearly as a significant approach to the study of the physiology and genetics that synthesizes the special proteins and nucleic acids. Viruses are exploited as tools within the dissection of those important biochemical issues.

Diagnosis of any probable viral infection with the help of various tests such as, specific, assorted or conventional tests to identify the causative virus. Multiple methods are in use for laboratory diagnosis in probing the viral infections, including serology, viral culture, antigen detection, and nucleic acid detection. Due to various developments in the technology, we see high-end and quite impressive immunologic and molecular diagnostic tests are developed to provide more accurate results and to detect the viruses- type, number and to identify their pathogenicity as well. This field provides specific recommendations for diagnostic approach to clinically important viral infections.

As of late the molecular investigation on replication, host interaction in insect viruses have contributed greatly to molecular, cell and organismal microbiology. The straightforwardness with which many insect viruses are spread in cell cultures and animals, the high yields virus particles or virus encoded macromolecules, and the significance with which many insect viruses can be genetically operated for some experimental benefits provided by those pathogens .It deals with viruses that infect fungi are identified called Mycoviruses .These Mycoviruses generally have double-stranded RNA genomes andisometric particles, but around 30% of these viruses have positive sense and single-stranded RNA genomes, so they are true Mycoviruses ,that they must have an capability to be transmitted.

Recently many researches and experiments are going on antiviral agents and their developed to act against the viruses and to prevent viral diseases. Naturally most of the antivirals are used for specific viral infections, where a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Some antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen instead they inhibit their development. Sometime antiviral drugs may be toxic to human cells and viruses can also develop resistance to antiviral drugs. Some other antiviral drugs strengthen the immune response to the viral infection.

Recently one of the most common viral infections are the respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract infections are including with the infection of sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. The respiratory tract infections(RTI) are generally classified in tow subdivisions as Upper Respiratory tract infections(URTI) and Lower Respiratory tract infections(LRTI). The viruses which are associated with respiratory disorders these are adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, human metapneumovirus.

Neurovirology is the most important field that signifies the connection of clinical neuroscience, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. The main target of this field is to investigate the viruses which can infect the nervous system. Without this there is a additional study of this division, the use of some viruses to trace neuroanatomical pathways, for gene therapy, and to eliminate detrimental populations of neural cells.

Vaccines have been among the most effective health approach for protecting the individual against viral disease, with two of worlds successful vaccine being against small pox and poliovirus. Viral vaccines  is a combination of inactivated viruses and activated viruses. Inactivated or killed viral vaccines contain viruses, they do not have ability to replicate and to bring about a response it contains an antigen. Activated or livevaccines contain the live form of the virus. Currently, Virus like particles organizes a new vaccine concept. Such particles consist of self-assembled structural proteins from the virus which can elicit an immune response but as they lack the genetic material from the virus are safer vaccines, research going on the rational development of a triple-layered virus like particle vaccine against rotavirus using the baculovirus insect cell system as production platform.

Current research in virology includes the investigation of mechanism of HIV replication and pathogenesis .Diseases such as  Alzheimer's disease and HIV-1-associated dementia. Other research involves chronic and latent infections caused by viruses such as Epstein-Barr and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus and herpes simplex and the retrovirus. Scientists  are also studying viral host interactions along with the mechanism of viral induced cellular transformation.Drug-drug interactions happen when a drug interacts, or meddles, with another drug. change the way either of the drug demonstration in the body, or cause sudden reactions. The drug included can be doctor prescribed solutions, over-the-counter meds and even vitamins and normal items.

Pure Microbiology provides a broad platform of a large plethora of research and plenty of new insights into different areas of Microbiology. Different branches of Microbiology include mycology, Virology, Immunology, infectious diseases , bacteriology, nematology, parasitology, etc., The antibiotics are the agents used against pathogenic bacteria, either orally or paternally