11^th International Virology Summit July 01-02, 2019 Valencia, Spain

Biography:

Francisco José Sanz Santaeufemia works as a pediatrician in one of the oldest children hospital in Western Europe located in Madrid. His expertise skills include General Pediatrics and children infectious diseases. Nowadays mycobacterial, parasitic or sexual transmitted infections are his preferred topics.

Abstract:

Teenage is a turbulent time of life which, according to the WHO, covers the 10-20 years of age period. Physicals and psychological changes appear explosively which drives individuals to have increased risk of approaching to new dangerous behaviour as contact with drugs or inappropriate beginning of love relationships, In this topic they can suffer social (unwanted pregnancy) or medical stigmas (sexual transmitted diseases STD). Overall incidence of STD has uploaded in recent years depending on different factors present in adolescents as minimization of risk, abuse of alcohol/drugs or avoids anticonception methods in sexual relations. Different STD´s are classified in four groups: Urethritis-cervicitis, genital ulcers, leukorrhea and anogenital warts; with multiple microorganisms implicated in all of them. Most of STD´s are asymptomatic, so active search and a high index of suspicion is mandatory to afford this growing problem in young people. Moreover, we will make general screening in selected people. In this paper we will make a brief summary of each STD explaining its signs, diagnosis test and recommended therapy insisting into the need of early detection, correct therapy and investigation of sexual partners for cutting epidemic expansion. Depending on the type of lesion (ulcer, vaginal discharge, urethral secretion…) will suspect distinct bacteria and until establishing the proper diagnosis we will treat the adolescent with an empiric therapy covering all possible microorganisms able to produce this symptoms. After treatment we will make sure a new appointment for confirming clinical recovery, asking for other sexual contacts and their study. Finally, we will give some recommendations as a Decalogue for using at the office in the directed interview with this kind of young people, neither children nor adults.

Biography:

Yury A Tyulenev has completed his Graduation at Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K I Skryabin in 2009; PhD from The Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky, Moscow, Russia in 2013 and his Postdoctoral studies from Calgary University, Calgary, Canada. Since 2017, he has been working on sexually transmitted infections epidemiology among MSM.

Abstract:

Background: There is a strong association between HIV-infection and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in MSM all over the world. Social stigma leads to further expansion of various STIs among MSM in Russia. Yet studies are lacking on the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens among MSM attending medical clinics for a routine medical checkup in the country. Therefore, the goal of our research is to determine the prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, M. genitalium-infection, and syphilis among HIV-positive MSM.

Methods: 381 MSM living with HIV were recruited through clinics and non-governmental organizations. To evaluate the prevalence of STIs three probes from each patient were collected: first void urine (FVU), pharyngeal and rectal swabs (PS and RS). The samples were tested for DNA of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) I and II, T. pallidum in PCR.

Results: The prevalence of STDs in FVU: N. gonorrhoeae-1.6% (6/381), C. trachomatis-3.7% (14/381), M. genitalium-1.3% (5/381), T. pallidum-0.5% (2/381). In RS: N. gonorrhoeae-11.3% (43/381), C. trachomatis-18.4% (70/381), M. genitalium-4.7% (18/381), T. pallidum-3.4% (13/381). In PS: N. gonorrhoeae-6.8% (26/381), C. trachomatis-6.8% (26/381), M. genitalium-0.8% (3/381) and T. pallidum-4.2% (16/381).

Conclusions: The prevalence of STIs was high among HIV-positive MSM. Extragenital testing for STIs in MSM is a first priority issue as STD-cases were found in RS and PS more frequently (p=0.001). There is a strong need to promote an education campaign about sexual risk behavior that can prevent new cases of infection.

Biography:

Faiza A Fattouh has completed her PhD at Purdue University, USA. She is currently an Emeritus Professor of Virology at Alexandria University. She has served as a Head of the Botany and Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Science, Alexandria-University, Egypt. She has over 35 publications in National and International reputable journals. She has acted as Principle Investigator in over 10 International Cooperative projects in the field of Plant Virology. She is on the Editorial Board and served as Reviewer to several scientific publications. Her research interest includes Identification, molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies on plant viruses of economically important hosts in Egypt.

Abstract:

Potato Virus is the second most important food crop in Egypt in terms of yield and cash value. Virus infection is a major factor which affects production and tuber quality. Detection of several different potato viruses has been reported in some studies; yet, few limited studies addressed the genetic characterization of such viruses. PVY is a major virus affecting potato and is of worldwide distribution. The aim of this work is to elucidate more information on PVY genetic diversity in Egypt. Following several surveys for the detection of major viruses affecting potato in different geographic governorates, some PVY isolates were subjected to molecular characterization by means of immuno-capture RT-PCR and also full genome sequencing. Multiple recombinant types of PVY were distinguished. At least 3 recombinant strains previously associated with potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), including a novel recombinant were identified. These findings suggest the presence of PTNRD-inducing virus strains infecting potato.

Biography:

Khaled A Habeb has experience in teaching and supervision on both undergraduate and post graduate students. He has taught different subjects belonging to microbiology such as medical microbiology, clinical mycology, microbial toxins and microbial physiology. He has experience in evaluation and improving of probiotics application.

Abstract:

Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most commonly recognized foodborne viral infection and second only to Rotavirus (RV) as a cause of severe diarrhea in children. The high burden of infection is because of their stability in the extreme environment condition, diversity of strains and low infectious dose ranging between 10-100 virus particles which are enough to infect individual. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the junction of open reading frame one (ORF1) and the open reading frame two (ORF2) and fragments of 60/81 (74.07%) positive samples results found that the appearance of five genotypes: GGII.4, GGII.2, GGII.17, GGI, GGI.3 ACCESSION KU291998.1; KU292999.1; KU292001.1: ACCESSION KU292002.1; KU292003.1; KU292004.1; KU292005.1; KU744839.1. The NVGII.4 was the most dominant strain with frequency percentage 61.6% and the higher frequency percentage 50% was belongs to the recombinant. It has been suggested that recombination could be an important mechanism by which GII.4 remains persistent in human population.

Biography:

Ashley Shay Duncan is a Registered Nurse who has a critical care back ground, whilst having a great interest in HIV care. She has presented her BSc Adult Nursing dissertation at the National HIV Nurses Association Conference in 2016 regarding HIV related stigma. She is currently working for the East Midlands Ambulance service assessing and triaging the 999 emergencies whilst undertaking a Masters in Advanced Nursing with the University of Nottingham. During her Msc course, she has completed a literature review regarding the benifits of testing critically ill patients for HIV.

Abstract:

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic sexually transmitted disease which profoundly attacks the body’s immune system, by destroying fundamental white blood cells. HIV has had a detrimental impact on global health since it’s outbreak in the 1980’s. Presenting as a universal epidemic, challenges are faced which requires the public health sector to ensure all efforts are being made to reduce the momentum of HIV. Offering critically ill patients a routine opt-out HIV test may aid clinical decision making, whilst alleviating the effects of missed or late HIV diagnosis. Literature supports that HIV positive (HIV+) critical care patients are often unaware of their HIV status, whilst presenting with life threatening conditions, such as sepsis. Mortality rates linked with sepsis or septic shock remain more prevalent in patients with HIV; and sepsis has been identified as the most common cause of death amongst critically ill patients. Patients living with HIV presenting in critical care have complex health needs, and these are further enhanced when patients are yet to be diagnosed. Missed or late HIV diagnosis has a crippling effect on individual’s mortality, morbidity, onwards transmission and healthcare costs; therefore testing this population may provide practice development (PD).

Methods: A review of literature has been utilised in order to gather quality research which assess, evaluate and integrate appropriate practices.

Results: Op-out HIV testing would help to contain the epidemic and reduce infection rates; whilst enabling individuals to have rapid access to care. Due to an ageing population presenting with multiple comorbidities and an increase in complex care needs, acute care is becoming more challenging. Such striking truths in regards to the reality of critical care nursing can be said about patients with HIV. HIV+ patients are at a furthered increased risk of developing other comorbidities, as they are also an ageing population. This correlation informs that HIV+ patients would therefore be recognised as a sector of the population which may add to the acuity of critical care settings, supporting the necessity for routine testing.

Conclusion: Opt-out HIV testing is recognised as an area for PD within critical care sectors. The need for change is apparent, however more research is required as cultural and ethical barriers persist which hinders development within this realm of HIV nursing care.

Biography:

Abstract:

An estimate of 36.9 million people globally was living with HIV in 2017. Out of which 21.7 million people were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2017. Furthermore, 1.8 million people became newly infected with HIV in 2017. Moreover 940,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017. About 77.3 million people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic and 35.4 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. The most frequent route of HIV transmission is sexual contacts. The majority of all infections are transmitted through heterosexual contacts. HIV particularly affects adolescents and young people (15 to 24 years old). Men who have sex with men are at a higher risk of HIV transmission if there is no use of protection as it may involve anal sex. Sex between men is stigmatized, officially denied and criminalized in various parts of the world. Sex workers may be stigmatized in the same way as MSM, they usually have multiple sexual partners. HIV prevalence amongst prisoners is between 2 and 50 times those of general adult populations. Prisons are at high-risk environment for HIV transmission with drug use, and needle sharing, tattooing with homemade and unsterile equipment and high-risk sex and rape. Every year, over 500 million people acquire one of the following four sexually transmitted diseases (STIs): chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis or trichomonas. HIV-related stigma and discrimination affect a pregnant woman's decision to enroll in PMTCT programs and interrupt adherence to treatment and retention in care. It has been estimated that over 50 percent of vertical HIV transmissions from mother-to-child globally, can be attributed to the cumulative effect of stigma when accessing PMTCT services.

Biography:

Dr Paulo Antonio Rodrigues Gouveia National and International authorized medical registry: CRM-2107-TO, Brazil. Registry identifier in the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development CNPq Scientific registration address:  Name in bibliographic citations: GOUVEIA, P. A. R. I work in the Government of the State of Tocantins in 1990. I work as a doctor at the Regional Hospital of Araguaína 2007. I work in volunteering to help in medical attention in 2011. He works as a doctor in the Government of the State of Tocantins currently (2015). Laboratory Experience: Scientific expert laboratory technician at the Hospital of Diseases and Tropical Diseases (HDT), Brazil - State of Tocantins

Abstract:

This study aims to analyze the therapeutic use of Guazulma ulmifolia Lam. extract as an AIDS treatment, describing the management of treatment performed in a clinical report. This work was a literature review. The case reported was a 35-year-old Mozambican, diagnosed with HIV virus in 2008 in March of 2017 she started using Guazulma ulmifolia Lam. extract for 30 days, and has since received successive negative HIV test results. It was concluded that the efficacy of Guazulma has been increasingly proven for the treatment of AIDS, with the advantages being a natural remedy, without any side effects and there is no ethical-moral impediment to be applied in infected population.

Biography:

Abstract:

Eswatini is a small landlocked country in the world with 27.4% of adults living with HIV. In 2017, 7,000 adults were newly infected with HIV and 3,500 people died of an AIDS related illness. Over the last decade Eswatini has made significant progress on its HIV epidemic. HIV prevalence is stabilizing and the number of new infections among adults has newly halved since, 2011, an achievement largely made possible and by rapidly scaling up the number of people accessing antiretroviral treatment. At 85%, it has one of the highest rates of antiretroviral treatment coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it has also increased its own domestic investment and funding for the HIV response. Nevertheless, the huge amount of people living with HIV in Eswatini means it is still the country’s biggest public health concern. According to 2015 estimates, life expectancy in the country is 57 years for men and 61 years for women. Mbabane government hospital is the biggest hospital in Eswatini with the highest number of patients with HIV. Its laboratories are working hard for supporting patients with HIV. Medical laboratories have always played an essential role in determining clinical decisions and providing clinicians with information that assists in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases in the developed world. Mbabane central laboratory is a referral laboratory operating at Mbabane government hospital under ministry of health in Eswatini. The Central laboratory provide service routinely to all facilities with limited or without the capacity to perform simple or complex tests, it also serve a national back up for laboratory services. The scope of testing includes: Serology, Immunochemistry, Chemistry and Flowcytometry. The central laboratory runs about 45,356 tests in a year with an average of 3,779 tests per month. Flowcytometry is a biophysical technology in cells counting, cells sorting, biomarkers detection, by suspending them in the stream of fluids and passing them to the electronically detection. It is the department which is monitoring patients with HIV by counting their CD4 before starting the antiretroviral treatment or when they are under treatment. This department can receive more than 2,500 samples of blood per month for CD4 Count or more than 30,000 samples per year. And all the results are sent to the clinicians for a good care of patients with HIV.

Biography:

Kiyemba Ronald Coach for Uganda National cycling, holding a Degree in Sports Science. President, KITANDA CARE for HIV/AIDS & UTI infections control. Company Owner, Bike 2 Bike tours (U) LTD

Abstract:

In Uganda, research made in 2016 show that 1.4 million people live with HIV and other related UTI. 52000 people get infected newly. 28,000 die of HIV/AIDS and other related illness. Research has shown that HIV is one of the important outcomes of poverty in Uganda having more than 35% of Ugandans living below poverty line of 1US$ daily. As a result of this, people especially women indulge into risky behaviour such as commercial sex which can provide them with basic survival resources for themselves and their dependents. Commonest behaviour that has increased the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections include: Cultural poverty that results in forced teenage marriages by their parents for material gain. Women do commercial sexual transaction to raise basic needs and most of them being widows left alone with children who need feeding, hospital bills etc. House helps being seduced by their bosses, employers demanding for sex in exchange for jobs. Institution bosses abusing young less privileged girls for sex in exchange for admissions and also teachers demanding for sex in exchange for marks Muslim culture of polygamy which has increased the risk of multiple cross infections. Much as information through health education and counseling about the risks has reached the poor, it sometimes seems irrelevant given the reality of their poor standards of living. Therefore, luck of incentive resources has made it difficult for the poor communities to adapt to the recommend behaviour. Government should provide employment opportunities within the communities, restrictions should be put on alcohol and observed within the local communities, health and education care.

Biography:

Abstract:

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and influenza A virus (IAV) are important pathogens in the swine industry, with economic significance to pork producers worldwide. The pathogenesis of PCV2/IAV co-infection and any synergistic effects between these two viruses is unknown. The objectives of this research were to determine 1) if IAV (H1N1) infection could initiate clinically significant porcine circovirus associated respiratory disease (PCVAD-respiratory) in pigs subclinical infected with PCV2b; and 2) if pre-existing, subclinical PCV2b infection affected the duration and severity of a subsequent IAV (H1N1) infection. When compared to pigs infected with IAV or PCV2b alone, dual-infected pigs (PCV2b+IAV (H1N1) had more severe clinical respiratory signs (increased respiratory effort, cough) which persisted longer; had an increased number of IAV genomic copies shed in nasal secretions and the duration of shedding was prolonged and had increased levels of PCV2b in serum for approximately 10 days following IAV inoculation. Two (of 10) dual-infected pigs developed clinical signs and lesions of severe PCVAD, including wasting, marked pulmonary disease with pleural and peritoneal effusion and diffuse lymphadenopathy. PCV2b only-infected pigs had reduced body weight and decreased average daily gain. Based on these results, we conclude that, under the conditions of this study, IAV infection in pigs subclinically infected with PCV2b, results in increased shedding (both amount and duration) of IAV; a transient increase in circulating PCV2; and induction of severe, clinical signs and lesions of PCVAD in 20% of PCV2b-infected pigs. Influenza virus should be considered as another contributing factor for PCVAD when the IAV infection occurs in pigs subclinically infected with PCV2b.

Biography:

Vladimir K Sologub has completed his PhD at AllUnion Institute of Expemental Veterinary in 1979. He is the Head of the Laboratory of Hybridoma Technology of Russian Research Center of Molecular Diagnostic, a premier research organization. He has published more than 55 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Traditional classic diagnostics of Rabies Virus infection is based on immunological detection of the virus antigens by Immunofluorescence (IF) with FITC-conjugate of anti-RNP polyclonal Ab’s or Mab’s-“gold standard”. Some more attractive methods like ELISA and Immunochromatography (IC) are now under investigation for practical diagnostics and research applications. The Mab’s for the new methods are probably not the same as for old IF. In our panels of anti-Rabies virus Mab’s there are several candidates for ELISA sandwich test-systems and other methods. Their anti-RNP and anti-G specificity was determined by virus neutralisation test and competition ELISA with standard probes. Two ovine Mab’s from mouse x sheep xeno-hybridomas (1E8ov and 2E12ov) and one mouse Mab (1E9) were active in immuno diffusion (ID) with mouse brain or cell culture virus antigen. One Mab (5B12) was negative in ID but perfect in cell based ELISA and IF for the virus plaque detection in BHK-21 cells. And one Mab (4G4) was negative in ID and IF but produced a very sensitive sandwich ELISA for the soluble antigen as capture Mab and Mab-HRP-conjugate. Neutralizing activity was detected for 4 mouse (4F1,7E3, 5B7 and 9A10) and 4 ovine (4B11ov,3F4ov, 1A4ov, 13-3ov) Mab’s. Combinations of mouse Mab’s with ovine Mab’s and anti-ovine IgG mouse Mab’s allows to create sensitive systems for the detection of different forms of Rabies Virus RNP. and G antigens.

Biography:

Daniela Kantarova has completed her PhD in the Jessenius Medical Faculty at Comenius University, Sloavakia. She is the Head of the Department of Research and Development in Martin´s Centre of Immunology. She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals, is an author and co-author of 3 monographs, her publications have 63 citations in publications registered in citation indexes.

Abstract:

Global antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide and on the other hand only few new antibiotics were placed on the market. However, the number of infectious diseases -both local and general is rising sharply. Some authors suggest that we have reached postantibiotic era and focus must be shifted towards alternative therapeutic modalities. As an alternative to the treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics, natural predators-phages or bacteriophages appear. Bacteriophages are organisms capable of naturally attacking and killing bacteria. The advantage of their use in clinical practice is the fact that antibiotics can not create resistance to these organisms; bacteriophages are highly specific and only infect a particular bacterial strain, which protects the natural microflora of the organism and last but not least, the preparation of bacteriophage-containing preparations is cheaper and because of their self-amplification ability much faster than the development of a new antibiotics. We present pre-clinical research project dealing with the analysis of effectivity of use of local gel forms bacteriophages which may be used in treatment of local chronic wounds.

Biography:

Abdelwahid Saeed Ali is currently serving as a Professor of Virology and Medical Biotechnology in the College of Medicine at King Khalid University in Saudi Arabia. He has obtained his PhD in Medical Virology at Puta University of Malaysia in 2000 and had a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Medical Biotechnology at Duke Unievsrity, USA from 2005 to 2007. He also pursued and lead many research projects related to clinical virology and epidemiology of some viral infections. He has published his reserach data in most reputable journals worldwide.

Abstract:

This study was desgined and conducted to determine the viral etiology and prevalence of acute gastroenteritis among pediatric patients in southern region of Saudi Arabia (KSA) through December 2015- December 2018. The presence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus was tested in a number of 461 diarrheal samples collected randomly from hospital-admitted children under five years of age in three different localties. The dual (coinfection) rates, sex and age distribution of infection were also assessed in this study. Immunochromatographic technique (ICT) was employed to investigate the presence of the antigens of these three viral agents. Out of the 461 specimens, 85 (18.4%) were noted positive for at least one viral agent. Among the 85 positive specimens, a total of 104 virus was detected with the frequency of 72 (69.2%), 25 (24.0%) and 7 (6.7%) for rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus respectively. A number of 19 cases (22.4%) revealed dual viral infections (co-infections). In conclusions, rotavirus is detected as the most causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children in the study area, followed by adenovirus, and astrovirus. ICT is confirmed and suggested as a rapid, sensitive and routine serological tests for detection of diarroeal viruses in among pediatic patients.