11^th International Virology Summit July 01-02, 2019 Valencia, Spain

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and influenza A virus (IAV) are important pathogens in the swine industry, with economic significance to pork producers worldwide. The pathogenesis of PCV2/IAV co-infection and any synergistic effects between these two viruses is unknown. The objectives of this research were to determine 1) if IAV (H1N1) infection could initiate clinically significant porcine circovirus associated respiratory disease (PCVAD-respiratory) in pigs subclinical infected with PCV2b; and 2) if pre-existing, subclinical PCV2b infection affected the duration and severity of a subsequent IAV (H1N1) infection. When compared to pigs infected with IAV or PCV2b alone, dual-infected pigs (PCV2b+IAV (H1N1) had more severe clinical respiratory signs (increased respiratory effort, cough) which persisted longer; had an increased number of IAV genomic copies shed in nasal secretions and the duration of shedding was prolonged and had increased levels of PCV2b in serum for approximately 10 days following IAV inoculation. Two (of 10) dual-infected pigs developed clinical signs and lesions of severe PCVAD, including wasting, marked pulmonary disease with pleural and peritoneal effusion and diffuse lymphadenopathy. PCV2b only-infected pigs had reduced body weight and decreased average daily gain. Based on these results, we conclude that, under the conditions of this study, IAV infection in pigs subclinically infected with PCV2b, results in increased shedding (both amount and duration) of IAV; a transient increase in circulating PCV2; and induction of severe, clinical signs and lesions of PCVAD in 20% of PCV2b-infected pigs. Influenza virus should be considered as another contributing factor for PCVAD when the IAV infection occurs in pigs subclinically infected with PCV2b.

Vladimir K Sologub has completed his PhD at AllUnion Institute of Expemental Veterinary in 1979. He is the Head of the Laboratory of Hybridoma Technology of Russian Research Center of Molecular Diagnostic, a premier research organization. He has published more than 55 papers in reputed journals.

Traditional classic diagnostics of Rabies Virus infection is based on immunological detection of the virus antigens by Immunofluorescence (IF) with FITC-conjugate of anti-RNP polyclonal Ab’s or Mab’s-“gold standard”. Some more attractive methods like ELISA and Immunochromatography (IC) are now under investigation for practical diagnostics and research applications. The Mab’s for the new methods are probably not the same as for old IF. In our panels of anti-Rabies virus Mab’s there are several candidates for ELISA sandwich test-systems and other methods. Their anti-RNP and anti-G specificity was determined by virus neutralisation test and competition ELISA with standard probes. Two ovine Mab’s from mouse x sheep xeno-hybridomas (1E8ov and 2E12ov) and one mouse Mab (1E9) were active in immuno diffusion (ID) with mouse brain or cell culture virus antigen. One Mab (5B12) was negative in ID but perfect in cell based ELISA and IF for the virus plaque detection in BHK-21 cells. And one Mab (4G4) was negative in ID and IF but produced a very sensitive sandwich ELISA for the soluble antigen as capture Mab and Mab-HRP-conjugate. Neutralizing activity was detected for 4 mouse (4F1,7E3, 5B7 and 9A10) and 4 ovine (4B11ov,3F4ov, 1A4ov, 13-3ov) Mab’s. Combinations of mouse Mab’s with ovine Mab’s and anti-ovine IgG mouse Mab’s allows to create sensitive systems for the detection of different forms of Rabies Virus RNP. and G antigens.

Global antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide and on the other hand only few new antibiotics were placed on the market. However, the number of infectious diseases -both local and general is rising sharply. Some authors suggest that we have reached postantibiotic era and focus must be shifted towards alternative therapeutic modalities. As an alternative to the treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics, natural predators-phages or bacteriophages appear. Bacteriophages are organisms capable of naturally attacking and killing bacteria. The advantage of their use in clinical practice is the fact that antibiotics can not create resistance to these organisms; bacteriophages are highly specific and only infect a particular bacterial strain, which protects the natural microflora of the organism and last but not least, the preparation of bacteriophage-containing preparations is cheaper and because of their self-amplification ability much faster than the development of a new antibiotics. We present pre-clinical research project dealing with the analysis of effectivity of use of local gel forms bacteriophages which may be used in treatment of local chronic wounds.

Daniela Kantarova has completed her PhD in the Jessenius Medical Faculty at Comenius University, Sloavakia. She is the Head of the Department of Research and Development in Martin´s Centre of Immunology. She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals, is an author and co-author of 3 monographs, her publications have 63 citations in publications registered in citation indexes.

Abdelwahid Saeed Ali is currently serving as a Professor of Virology and Medical Biotechnology in the College of Medicine at King Khalid University in Saudi Arabia. He has obtained his PhD in Medical Virology at Puta University of Malaysia in 2000 and had a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Medical Biotechnology at Duke Unievsrity, USA from 2005 to 2007. He also pursued and lead many research projects related to clinical virology and epidemiology of some viral infections. He has published his reserach data in most reputable journals worldwide.

This study was desgined and conducted to determine the viral etiology and prevalence of acute gastroenteritis among pediatric patients in southern region of Saudi Arabia (KSA) through December 2015- December 2018. The presence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus was tested in a number of 461 diarrheal samples collected randomly from hospital-admitted children under five years of age in three different localties. The dual (coinfection) rates, sex and age distribution of infection were also assessed in this study. Immunochromatographic technique (ICT) was employed to investigate the presence of the antigens of these three viral agents. Out of the 461 specimens, 85 (18.4%) were noted positive for at least one viral agent. Among the 85 positive specimens, a total of 104 virus was detected with the frequency of 72 (69.2%), 25 (24.0%) and 7 (6.7%) for rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus respectively. A number of 19 cases (22.4%) revealed dual viral infections (co-infections). In conclusions, rotavirus is detected as the most causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children in the study area, followed by adenovirus, and astrovirus. ICT is confirmed and suggested as a rapid, sensitive and routine serological tests for detection of diarroeal viruses in among pediatic patients.