8^th World Congress on Virology November 28-29, 2016 San Antonio,USA

Biography:

Dr.Zenab Torky is an Assistant Professor of Microbiology in the department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, in Egypt. She also worked as a Visiting Scientist in the department of Biological Sciences, University of Louisville, USA. Dr.Zenab has also reviewed and edited many papers for the Food Safety Journal

Abstract:

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated Leguminosae plants worldwide causing mosaic, mottling, malformation and distortion in infected cultivar plants. The virus isolate was identified by detection of the coat protein gene amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and also via diagnostic host plant Chenopodium amaranticolor, which expresses the typical necrotic lesion and leaf deformation observed on inoculated but not in mock-inoculated plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of infection of Lupinus albus with BYMV. The study showed that infection can be induced under green house conditions and infected plants showed a considerable level of mosaic symptoms. As disease development in infected plants is always associated with physiological and chemical changes, some metabolic alterations parameters have been evaluated like photosynthetic pigment contents, total carbohydrate content, total soluble protein, total free amino acid, proline induction and total phenolics’ content in healthy and infected lupine plants. The results indicated a great variation in all the biochemical categories in Lupinus albus infected with BYMV as compared to healthy plants. Chlorophyll a of virus inoculated Lupinus albus decreased by 27%, whereas Chlorophyll b content decreased by 19.5% and carbohydrate content decreased to 36% when compared to healthy control plant corresponding values. The effect of virus infection on the induction of plant growth regulators like abscisic acid was determined, as well as the relationship between abscisic acid induction, accumulation of the virus and symptoms development was discussed.

Biography:

Dominic Targema Abaver has completed his PhD from University of Abuja in Parasitology. He is a Chief Superintendent of Immigration Nigerian Immigration service, a paramilitary organization in the Ministry of Interior. He has published number of papers on HIV/AIDS, Immunology and Parasitology in reputed journals, such as African Health Science, Pakistani Journal of Medical Sciences, African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD). He is a Member of Nigerian Society of Parasitology and a Fellow, Institute of Cooperate Administration. Currently, he is a Contract Researcher at Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, South Africa. His research interest includes epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and other opportunistic infections, preventive measures/techniques of HIV/AIDS, gender, age and sexual orientation as determinants for the impact of HIV/AIDS.

Abstract:

The millions of intermittently incarcerated people, many of whom are illicit drug users, have been among the most difficult people to reach with critical health information, management and treatment. Usually, inmates in prisons are disproportionately affected by multiple health problems; including Human Immunodeficiency Virus other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis. An exploration of the availability of policies and guidelines on HIV in prisons and their effective implementation in these correctional centers would inform future Human Immunodeficiency Virus programming. A purposeful selection study was conducted on 39 participants (12 staff and 27 inmates) at five Correctional Centers: Kirkwood (Sentenced Offenders Centre), Queenstown (Remand Centre), Idutywa (Remand Centre), Mthatha (Remand Centre) and Cradock (Juvenile Centre) in Eastern Cape. Data was collected using closed-ended self-administered questionnaires and informal discussions. Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and other sexually transmitted diseases and infections are carried out on inmates on arrival at the Correctional Centre facilities. All the Correctional Centers, except the Remand Centre at Mthatha, have qualified medical personnel manning the centers with the provision of programs and education targeting eradication of Human Immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases and infections. No post exposure prophylaxis at any of the centers, even amidst possible act of sodomy. Though the Correctional Centers do not readily have anti-retroviral therapy on site, inmates requiring the treatment are treated at public health facility nearest to the centre. Inmates on treatment who have completed their jail terms are referred to a public health facility nearest to their place of residence with a seven-day treatment medication. Though policies and guidelines regarding preventive and treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected inmates are available at the Correctional Centers, their implementation and adherence to treatment are not always administered. There is therefore, need for capacity building of staff, especially nurses in the area of nurse initiated management of ART and provision of level playing ground for these policies and guideline to be implemented.

Biography:

Abstract:

This study was carried to determine the efficacy of a combination of local herbs - Facodyn-F on the CD₄ count and viral load of some HIV patients in Jos of Nigeria. Three hundred patients were screened for HIV using determine blood flow and confirmed with Western blot, 10 patients tested positive for HIV,3 out of the 10 patients had CD₄ counts of less than 600 cells/ul. Pre- treatment CD₄ counts and viral load were taken before commencement of Facodyn –F therapy, then post treatment of same parameters after one month of Facodyn F therapy.  The pre-treatment status of the 3 patients for CD₄ and viral load respectively were 600:10000, 450:12000 and 360:19000. The post treatment results of the patients in same order were 800: undectable, 650: undectable and 550: undetectable. There was marked increase in CD₄ counts of 200,200 and 190 for the three patients respectively and statistically, using the analysis of variance showed significant difference (P< 0 05) between pre-treatment and post-treatment CD₄ counts in all patients.  In order to monitor adverse herbal drug reactions during the period of this study, blood samples of patients were taken for liver function, electrolyte, urea and creatinine. Results obtained were within the normal ranges, also carried out were haematological and microbiological tests for presence of opportunistic infections. Results obtained were again within normal ranges too

Biography:

Yakubu Hussaini Anka is a Science Laboratory Technologist specialized in Microbiology/Parasitology from the Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria in 2005. He has then joined Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto for a Postgraduate Diploma Program in 2008. He was awarded with Tertiary Education Trust Fund Scholarship for Master of Science degree in Public Health at the University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom and completed in 2011. He has recently completed his PhD from the University Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health. He is also a Member of International Society of Infectious Diseases since 2014 and Member of EpiCore since April 2016.

Abstract:

Background & Aim: The endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is leveling off in Sub-Saharan Africa; it remains at an unacceptable high level (≥8% to <2%) with global prevalence of 3.61%. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a peer-led HBV prevention education intervention in Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria on youth’s HBV-related knowledge, attitude and practices.

Methods: In a peer-led single blind randomized controlled community trial conducted between April and December 2015. 390 students were selected and randomized into the intervention and control arms, each arm with 195 respondents; five out of 12 faculties were selected using multi-staged random sampling. Four surveys were conducted (baseline, immediately, three and six months using self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 22.

Results: The overall response rate during the four survey were 100%, 99.4%, 98.9% and 98.4% for intervention group and 100%, 100%, 99.4% and 98.9% for the control arm respectively. Hepatitis B-related knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents were statistically significant between the intervention and the control arms at immediately, three and six month’s follow-up assessment with no statistical significant difference at baseline assessment (knowledge 14.3%, 66.95% and 62.7%, HBV-related attitude 23.56%, 40.68% and 46.12% and HBV-related preventive practices 26.14%, 36.53% and 11.9%).

Conclusions: It is evident from the study that education intervention program is effective on HBV-related knowledge, attitude and preventive practice among the undergraduate non-medical and non-veterinary university students of Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Biography:

Professor Festus Chukwuemeka Onwuliri got his Ph.D at the age of 35years from University of Jos. He has previously had his B.Sc., M.Sc and AIML from   the University of Nigeria Nsukka, University of Jos and Medical Laboratory College Vom, Nigeria respectively. He has acquired a wide range of administrative experience. He was the Head of Department of Plant Science and Technology, University of Jos and is the Director of Victory medical laboratory service, Jos Nigeria.  Professor F. C. Onwuliri has published about 65 papers in both national and international Journals. He has supervised 54 Post Graduate students both at Ph.D and M.Sc levels in the area of Microbiology and Biotechnology. He has also supervised over 150 undergraduate students. He has held several other positions and served in several committees, both ad-hoc and statutory, within the University of Jos and other Universities in Nigeria. He has several memberships including memberships Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria, Nigerian Society for Microbiology, Nigerian Mycological Society, Botanical Society of Nigeria, Nigerian Society for Parasitology, Biotechnology Society of Nigeria, International Biotechnology. Professor Onwuliri participated in the 4^th world congress on Biotechnology in  North Carolina, USA and the 5^th world congress on Biotechnology in Valencia, Spain. He has many Scholastic Honours and Awards. Professor Onwuliri is happily married to Dr (Mrs.) Edith A. Onwuliri and are blessed with 6 Children

Abstract:

Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are significant health problems around the globe, Nigeria inclusive. Asymptomatic Hepatitis B and C infections are common and when occurring in pregnancy can be transmitted to the new born. To determine the prevalence rate of asymptomatic hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women, 406 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at University Health centre and Our Lady of Apostle hospital, all in Jos, Plateau State were recruited for the study. The study was also carried out to determine whether liver aminotransferases and serum albumin can be affected by hepatitis infection during pregnancy. Demographic and past clinical histories were obtained using a questionnaire. Serum samples from each study subject were tested using third-generation enzyme immunoassay kits for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against hepatitis C (HCV). Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were also estimated in all subjects using Reitman-Frankel method. Also serum albumin was measured in all subjects using Bromocresol green (BCG) method by Teitz. The results showed that 10.0% and 1.2% of the 406 blood samples tested positive on HBV and HCV, respectively. Furthermore, 1.2% of the 406 blood samples tested positive with both HBV and HCV. The mean AST levels for HBsAg negative and positive subjects were 10.55±0.05 and 12.16±0.29, respectively while the mean ALT levels were 5.54±0.005 and 8.01±0.01, respectively. The mean AST for anti-HCV negative and positive subject were 10.67±0.01 and 9.01±0.05, respectively while ALT were 5.71±0.01 and 4.01±0.05, respectively. There was a significant increase in levels of AST and ALT between the HBsAg positive and negative pregnant subjects (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean serum albumin level for HBsAg positive and negative pregnant subjects were 30.60±2.75 and 35.58±3.82, respectively. Also, the mean albumin level for HCV positive and negative pregnant subjects were 28.5±2.12 and 35.55±3.7, respectively. There was a significant increase in albumin level between HBsAg and HCV positive and negative pregnant subjects (P<0.05). HBV and HCV infection can be present in pregnant women and can alter liver aminotransferases and serum albumin. Routine screening of pregnant women for HBV and HCV should be instituted in order to detect infection early and prevent or reduce vertical or prenatal transmission

Biography:

Marcin Sieńczyk graduated from the Molecular Biotechnology and Biocatalysis program in 2002 at Wroclaw University of Technology, four years later he obtained his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry. In 2015 he was awarded habilitation (DSc) in Biotechnology. He currently holds the position of assistant professor at Wroclaw University of Sience and Technology. His research is focused on the development of compounds designed to target proteases involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer, bacterial or viral infections. He is a co-author of more than 40 papers, 14 patents and more than 25 pending patent applications.

Abstract:

Currently about 130-150 million people live with chronic hepatitis C virus infection worldwide of which many patients remain asymptomatic with a high chance of developing liver cirrhosis. One of the developed anti-HCV therapies target a serine protease crucial for viral replication - the bifunctional nonstructural protein 3 (NS3/4A) of two separate functional activities: serine protease and NTPase/RNA helicase activity. Moreover, due to its ability to destroy several important cellular proteins NS3/4A is able to block innate immune pathways and modulate growth factor signaling pathways.

            All of already approved for the treatment of HCV infection compounds display a reversible-type of inhibition. Nevertheless, the appearance of the inhibitor-resistant mutant strains limits the efficiency of the overall treatment. Irreversible protease inhibitors, such as α-aminophosphonic inhibitors, therefore, might represent a new therapeutic option. These compounds strike a balance between reactivity and chemical stability. Their mechanism of action relies on the phosphonylation of a serine residue which leads to the formation of an irreversible covalent complex.

            Here we report the design and biological evaluation of highly potent, active site-directed and irreversible inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease. One of the advantages of α-aminophosphonic inhibitors is their specificity of action toward serine proteases and lack of reactivity with cysteine, aspartyl and metalloproteinases. Considering high stability in human plasma, irreversible mechanism of action and low toxicity α-aminoalkylphosphonates represent an interesting class of inhibitors for novel antiviral agents development

Biography:

Mohammad M. Hossain has completed his Ph.D. from Osaka University, Japan. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been working with Dr. Raymond R. R. Rowland. Recently, he has been involved in a collaborative research program between Kansas State University and ABADRU, USDA, Manhattan, Kansas

Abstract:

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus, a member of the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae.  It is a causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease, threatens swine production globally. The production of antibodies following immunization is important to suppress viral infections. The aim of this study was to detect changes in the serum antibody response following vaccination against CSFV with an alphavirus expressed E2 subunit vaccine. E2 and Erns are known to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies and play an important role in protective immunity in the natural host. E2 and Erns genes have been fragmented into several pieces and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified proteins were covalently coupled to Luminex MagPlex® polystyrene, carboxylated microsphere beads. The target antigens were assembled into a single multiplex and tested against sera immunized with alphavirus-expressed antigens. To determine changes in CSFV-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA overtime, animals were vaccinated with alphavirus-expressed E2 and Erns antigens and serum samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days post-infection. The IgG, IgM, and IgA response against CSFV antigens were determined by multiplex FMIA. The results were reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and MFI converted to positive per sample (S/P) ratio. The results show that vaccinated animals had CSFV-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA in serum.  Antibody response to CSFV antigens were IgG> IgM> IgA. The results demonstrated that the simultaneous detection of IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies could be providing an improved diagnostic tool.

Biography:

Zhanglei has completed her PhD from Jilin University Heping Campus. She is currently an Associate Professor and Postgraduate Tutor of Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. She is mainly engaged in fur animal disease including molecular epidemiological investigation and diagnosis products research work.

Abstract:

Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is a parvovirus that causes an immune complex mediated disease in farmed minks worldwide. To obtain a more detailed understanding of the molecular epidemiology of mink AMDV in China, 18 of the 280 positive samples were randomly selected and analyzed. Samples were collected from 5 farms in 5 provinces in China. Near full length genome of AMDV from all the samples were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree based on full length VP2 gene with 11 reference-isolates shows that AMDV strains formed five groups. While phylogenetic tree based on 328 bp partial NS1 gene with 128 reference-isolates shows that AMDV strains formed three groups. There are some unique Chinese amino acids. The molecular clock is not applicable to ADV, a number of recombination sites were detected in NS1 gene. The results of the analysis suggested that both indigenous AMDV and imported AMDV were prevalent in the primary mink production areas in China.

Biography:

Dr. Hemida received his Ph.D from University of Guelph, 2009. He pursued his PDF training at the the University of British Columbia (James Hogg iCapture Centre). His research area of interest is “One Health Concept” with special emphasis on emerging viruses/host interaction. Currently, studying the molecular evolution and pathogenesis of MERSCoV in the Middle East. He published more than 40 original Research papers on high impacted journals. Meanwhile, he received several Research grants, prestigious honors and scholarship throughout his academic carrier. Currently, he is a reviewer of many granting agencies as well as editorial board member of many international journals

Abstract:

Equine Influenza virus (EIV) is one of the most important viral threats of the family Equidae including horses, donkeys and mules. Despite EIV vaccine application for some equine flocks, many outbreaks still report globally.  Little is known about prevalence of EIV in Saudi Arabia. The major goal of the current study was to evaluate the immune status of different horses population across the kingdom for EIV. To achieve our goal, sera were collected from 450 animals across the kingdom including Al-Hasa, Dammam, Jubail, Qatef, Ryiadh and Qasseem. Detection of the EIV antibodies was done by the commercial available EIV-ELISA kits. Our data clearly showing the detection of EIV antibodies in the indicated regions (66%, 45.5%, 14.28%, 44.04%, 80%, and 31.57%) respectively. Detection of EIV in non-vaccinated horses suggesting the exposure of these animals to EIV natural infection. In conclusion, this study clearly showing the high seroprevelance of EIV across the Kingdom furthermore, it will pave the way for further molecular characterization of EIV in the Kingdome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most recent EIV serosurveillance across the Kingdom.

Biography:

Abstract:

Assessment of biochemical safety and anti-hepatitis B activity of ethanol stem bark extracts of Vitex doniana and Lophira alata in Wistar rats was carried out. Forty-two(42) albino rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into six(6) groups of seven(7) animals each. Groups II-VI were inoculated with hepatitis-B virus. Group 1 and 2 served as normal and positive controls respectively and were given distilled water. Group III received 300mg/kgBW of anti-retroviral drug, while group IV received 244mg/kgBW of Vitex doniana, group V received 244mg/kgBW of Lophira alata and group VI received combination of Vitex doniana and Lophira alata both at 244mg/kgBW. The treatment was administered twice daily for ninety days. Results of biochemical indices determination revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in AST activity in group VI compared with normal controls but was significantly lowered when compared with positive control. However, ALT activities in group V showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease while that of group VI was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with controls. ALP activities showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in all treatment groups compared with the positive control. Total protein, globulin and albumin showed significant (p<0.05) increase in treated groups compared with controls. Significant (p<0.05) decreased was observed for blood urea nitrogen in treated groups compared with positive control but compares well with normal control. However, the creatinine levels of groups IV,V and VI were significantly (p<0.05) lowered compared with controls. Haematological indices assessed revealed no significant (p>0.05) changes in treated groups compared with controls. Results of serum electrolytes assayed revealed no significant (p<0.05) changes for K⁺, Na⁺, Cl^- and HCO₃^- in groups III and IV compared with controls but insignificant(p<0.05) increased were observed in group VI at (p<0.05). The DPPH and FRAP anti-oxidant results showed that Vitex doniana has high anti-oxidant power which compared well with the standard (vitamin C) and the degree of its anti-oxidant properties was noticed to increase with increased in concentration of the extract but this trend was not observed for Lophira alata as it displayed a lower anti-oxidant potential compared with vitamin C. Lipid profile results revealed that the treatments reduced TC, HDL-C and LDL-C values for groups III, IV, V and VI significantly (P<0.05) while the levels of TG and VLDL-C in these groups were found to increase compared with normal control. Histopathological investigation revealed no serious pathological changes in the liver, spleen and kidneys of animals in groups treated with V. doniana and the combined extracts of V.doniana and L. alata. However, slight pathological changes were noticed in the liver and kidneys of animals in group V which received L. alata compared with the controls. A drastic reduction in viral load in treatment groups with more reduced value in combined treatment group. Finally, the ethanol stem bark extract of L. alata and V. doniana had varying impacts on biochemical indices investigated. Co-administration in the treatment of HBV-induced hepatitis in Wistar rats is relatively safe Assessment of biochemical safety and anti-hepatitis B activity of ethanol stem bark extracts of Vitex doniana and Lophira alata in Wistar rats was carried out. Forty-two(42) albino rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into six(6) groups of seven(7) animals each. Groups II-VI were inoculated with hepatitis-B virus. Group 1 and 2 served as normal and positive controls respectively and were given distilled water. Group III received 300mg/kgBW of anti-retroviral drug, while group IV received 244mg/kgBW of Vitex doniana, group V received 244mg/kgBW of Lophira alata and group VI received combination of Vitex doniana and Lophira alata both at 244mg/kgBW. The treatment was administered twice daily for ninety days. Results of biochemical indices determination revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in AST activity in group VI compared with normal controls but was significantly lowered when compared with positive control. However, ALT activities in group V showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease while that of group VI was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with controls. ALP activities showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in all treatment groups compared with the positive control. Total protein, globulin and albumin showed significant (p<0.05) increase in treated groups compared with controls. Significant (p<0.05) decreased was observed for blood urea nitrogen in treated groups compared with positive control but compares well with normal control. However, the creatinine levels of groups IV,V and VI were significantly (p<0.05) lowered compared with controls. Haematological indices assessed revealed no significant (p>0.05) changes in treated groups compared with controls. Results of serum electrolytes assayed revealed no significant (p<0.05) changes for K⁺, Na⁺, Cl^- and HCO₃^- in groups III and IV compared with controls but insignificant(p<0.05) increased were observed in group VI at (p<0.05). The DPPH and FRAP anti-oxidant results showed that Vitex doniana has high anti-oxidant power which compared well with the standard (vitamin C) and the degree of its anti-oxidant properties was noticed to increase with increased in concentration of the extract but this trend was not observed for Lophira alata as it displayed a lower anti-oxidant potential compared with vitamin C. Lipid profile results revealed that the treatments reduced TC, HDL-C and LDL-C values for groups III, IV, V and VI significantly (P<0.05) while the levels of TG and VLDL-C in these groups were found to increase compared with normal control. Histopathological investigation revealed no serious pathological changes in the liver, spleen and kidneys of animals in groups treated with V. doniana and the combined extracts of V.doniana and L. alata. However, slight pathological changes were noticed in the liver and kidneys of animals in group V which received L. alata compared with the controls. A drastic reduction in viral load in treatment groups with more reduced value in combined treatment group. Finally, the ethanol stem bark extract of L. alata and V. doniana had varying impacts on biochemical indices investigated. Co-administration in the treatment of HBV-induced hepatitis in Wistar rats is relatively safe and effective at the dose investigated and can be a candidate for the development new drug.

Biography:

Marjana Knezevic graduated from Dental School University of Zagreb, Croatia in 2001. She completed her Master program in Oral Medicine in 2008. The same year she started her Phd program at the same University. Her ambition and dedication to her profession brought her to USA in 2010 when she started her PASS program at Dental School University of Pennsylvania. She graduated with Honors in Clinical dentistry in 2012. Currently she’s working at Dental School of University of Pennsylvania as a part time faculty-Clinical Associate on Restorative department and also she is working in her private dental office. Her research focus and interest last 9 years was on Human Papillomavirus in different lesions in oral cavity that was part of her Master and Phd thesis. She has published several papers in reputed journals and was coauthor of one book

Abstract:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) are considered to initiate epithelial proliferation and contribute in the development of benign, premalignant and malignant oral lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of HPV in morphologically different oral lesions and determine the frequency of some types of HPV and their relationship with certain damage of oral cavity. The study included 120 subjects with different lesions of oral cavity (keratotic lesions, hyperplastic lesions, and erosive-ulcerative lesions). Oral specimens were collected with cytobrush. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The presence of HPV DNA was detected in (28/120) 23.3% oral samples. HPV DNA was identified in verucca (40%), papilloma (31.8%), papilomatosis of palate (30%), lichen planus (20%), leukoplakia (19%), and erosive-ulcerative lesions (19.2%). In patients with hyperkertotic and hyperplastic lesions of the mucosa of the oral cavity, the most frequent type was the unspecified type of HPV (10.6%) while high-risk HPV types were more frequent in patients with erosive-ulcereous lesions of the oral cavity. The most frequent types were HPV 16 (15.4%), followed by HPV 18 (11.5%) and HPV 31 (7.7%). HPV 33 was rarely found (3.8%) in oral lesions. HPV is probably associated with the development of hyperkeratotic and hyperplastic oral lesions. Additionally, there are some less frequently types of HPV, which influence the development of hyperkeratotic and hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity and damaged oral mucosa increases the risk of HPV infection

Biography:

Zhanglei has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from Heping Campus  Jilin University. Now she is a associate professor and postgraduate tutor of institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Mainly engaged in fur animal disease including molecular epidemiological investigation and diagnosis products research  work

Abstract:

Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is a parvovirus that causes an immune complex-mediated disease in farmed minks worldwide. To obtain a more detailed understanding of the molecular epidemiology of mink AMDV in China, 18 of the 280 positive samples were randomly selected and analyzed. Samples were collected from 5 farms in 5 provinces in China. Near full length genome of AMDV from all the samples were amplified and sequenced.Phylogenetic tree based on full length VP2 gene with 11 reference isolates shows that AMDV strains formed five groups (I–VI) .While phylogenetic tree based on 328bp partial NS1gene with 128 reference isolates shows that AMDV strains formed Three groups (I–VI) . There are some unique Chinese amino acids . The molecular clock is not applicable to ADV, A number of recombination sites were detected in NS1 gene. The results of the analysis suggested that both indigenous AMDV and imported AMDV were prevalent in the primary mink production areas in China

Biography:

Dr Ndulue is a Nigerian trained public health physician with over a decade of programming experience in sub Saharan Africa, specializing in TB/HIV, SRH, Malaria, Health Systems Strengthening, as well as monitoring and evaluation in resource limited settings. He currently works as the Deputy Project Director of the USAID funded Prevention Organizational Systems AIDS Care and treatment (ProACT) project. In this capacity, he leads a team of development professionals who provide technical assistance to the government of Nigeria for the implementation of comprehensive HIV care and treatment services across 198 health facilities in five Nigerian states. Prior to joining MSH, Ndulue worked as the Director AIDS Clinical Services with AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) and also as a Clinical Advisor with the International Centre for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs (ICAP) at the Columbia University New York. Before this time, he was the  pioneer Medical Officer at the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) supported HIV clinic at the General Hospital Lagos.Dr. Ndulue has spearheaded initiatives for analyzing program results and outcomes, conducted numerous training courses, and have presented papers at major national and international conferences on HIV. He holds a post graduate diploma in Reproductive Health from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK

Abstract:

Background: WHO recommends that all children exposed to HIV be tested within four to six weeks of birth to ensure that all infected infants are initiated on treatment early. One major challenge with EID of HIV in Nigeria remains the absence of standardized logistic sample transfer systems, resulting in long turnaround times between date of sample collection and date of return of result to the mother-baby pair. The USAID-funded ProACT project implemented by MSH pioneered a unique dried blood spot (DBS) transport model in Nigeria. This model focuses on the transportation of dried blood spot (DBS) samples to regional PCR labs in partnership with the Nigerian Postal Service (NIPOST) utilizing its courier Express Mail Service (EMS). The NIPOST mail route has a network of over 900 post offices and 3,000 postal agencies spread across the country, ensuring coverage of most localities where HIV services are delivered. The objective of this study was to review the effect of utilizing an innovative DBS transport model in improving DBS transportation.

Methods:We carried out a retrospective analysis of logistic data from 177 samples transferred from 28 PMTC sites using the SPEEiD model over a 12 month period from March 2013 to February 2014 in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria

Results: A review of the data showed a reduction in Turnaround Time (TAT) for return of results from 3-6 months to 3-4 weeks utilizing the SPEEiD Model. Results were received for 97% of samples (171/177) transported with this model, compared to 51% previously. The average cost of sample transfer was estimated at between $20-$40 per batch and remains comparatively less expensive to other models by at least 30%.

Conclusions:The MSH SPEEiD model remains an indigenous, cost effective, sustainable, and time sensitive sample transfer model which ensures that exposed infants are able to receive their EID test results quickly. This approach may be easily replicated by other partners within Nigeria and other similar resource limited setting with existing mail infrastructures. This model thus helps to provide a practical solution to DBS sample transfer, which remains one of the major challenges affecting early infant diagnosis of HIV in Nigeria