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Kamyar Mazloum Jalali

Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Title: Determine the frequency of mutations in the Enhancer II region of the hepatitis B virus at x gene in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus

Biography

Biography: Kamyar Mazloum Jalali

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), today, about 2 billion people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 350 million are carriers of this virus, it shows  the importance and extent of HBV-related infections. The HBV has four ORFs (open reading frame), such as ORF x, which codes the protein x (HBx). This gene, by inhibiting proteasome in the MHC I pathway, caused activating the replication and transcription of the virus genes as enhancers and promoters, plays a role in the development of Cirrhosis and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) in the host cells. The mutations in this region are associated with chronic disease, the development and survival of HCC cancer, suppression of HBeAg secretion, and increased viral DNA synthesis. In a retrospective study, 50 samples from the serum of patients with CHB (chronic hepatitis B virus) were examined for the presence of mutations in the Enhancer II region of the HBx gene in HBV virus. In this study, the mutations in 465 base pairs of HBx were identified using HRM method and then analyzed by sequencing and Mega software. Out of the 50 patients with CHB, were 33 male patients (66%) and 17 female patients (34%) that 12 patients (24%) had serum HBeAg marker and 38 patients (76%) were negative. About 28 patients (56%) were positive 465 pairs specific product of HBx and 22 patients (44%) were  negative. After analyzing the specific products from 28 positive HBx, 8 suspected cases of mutation were identified and sent for sequencing. The results of the sequencing showed that in 8 samples, 7 mutation of the type of base substitution in the HBx region occurred and 4 mutations in the Enhancer II region include T1654G, A1655T, A1659G, C1690G and 3 mutations in the Box α region called T1654G, A1655T, A1659G. The  results showed that the high frequency of mutations in the Enhancer II region was between 1636 and 1741 nucleotide sequences. Considering the analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the mutant forms, it is likely HBx structure to be altered due to mutations. It may also play a role as a protein in escape the HBV virus from the immune system,  lost the  immunogenic property and the chronic infection process continues.